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Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs), are a kind of irregular heartbeats. These extra beats are generally not dangerous and may disappear on their own.

To determine PVC, doctors will listen to your heartbeat, and also check other vital signs. They may also order an Holter Monitor which captures the electrical impulses of your heart over a time of between 24 and 48 hours. They may also request blood tests to assess your electrolyte levels and thyroid hormones.

Diagnosis

PVCs are caused by electrical impulses coming from the heart's lower chambers ventricles, or lower chambers, fail to pass through a structure called the SA node. This delays the next heartbeat and causes the feeling of fluttering or skipped beats in the chest. PVCs can be seen in a single pattern or in repeated patterns. Doublets are two consecutive PVCs. repairmywindowsanddoors can be described as three or more consecutive PVCs.

While some people don't have any symptoms at all Some experience palpitations, which could feel like an irregular heartbeat or a pounding. Other typical symptoms include fatigue, dizziness or a sensation of being sick.

Many people who suffer from occasional PVCs don't need any treatment. If a person experiences frequent episodes, doctors could recommend a change in lifestyle or diet including a reduction in caffeine, alcohol and stress. They might prescribe medication such as beta-blockers or calcium channel blockers to lower blood pressure and slow down the heart rate.

Doctors will ask the patient about their medical history and perform a physical examination to assess their general health. They may also use a Holter monitor to track the heart's rhythms for longer durations, or an electrocardiogram, which records a snapshot of the electrical activity within the heart. Doctors may request blood tests in certain cases to check for electrolyte imbalances or drug toxicity.

A pvc physician may refer the patient to an electrophysiologist, or a specialist in heart rhythm disorders for further evaluation. This doctor can confirm the diagnosis of PVCs and determine if they are benign or not.

PVCs are common and don't usually cause any issues, unless they occur frequently over a long time. This can cause weakening of the heart muscle, or a condition called pvc-induced cardiomyopathy. This is more prevalent in older people or those suffering from heart disease. It can also occur in healthy people with normal heart function, but this is more likely in those who exercise regularly. It's not an issue to worry about however it is crucial to speak with an expert if you notice symptoms such as fainting or fatigue.

Treatment


For many people, sporadic PVCs aren't likely to cause symptoms or need no treatment. If you feel that your heart is racing or not making an entire beat, you need to seek out a physician immediately.

A cardiologist will then interview you and then perform a physical examination and listen to your heart through the stethoscope in order to detect any irregular heartbeats. You'll also undergo an electrocardiogram, which records the electrical signals of your heart to detect any arrhythmias. If an arrhythmia is identified then an portable ECG or 24-hour Holter monitor is required to document the abnormal rhythm for longer periods of time. These devices can assist doctors determine if you suffer from PVCs and their causes, such as an imbalance in electrolytes, toxicity of drugs or other factors.

You may be asked to undergo an echocardiogram (an ultrasound of your heart) to determine whether your heart health is in good shape and to check for structural issues that could cause PVCs. You could also be required to undergo stress tests to assess how your heart reacts to exercise. Exercise can increase the frequency of PVCs. You may also be able to have blood tests to determine your thyroid, magnesium, and potassium hormone levels to find out if they are too low and can cause the development of PVCs.

After your doctor has determined that you suffer from PVCs and has ruled out any serious diseases and has made a decision about whether or not to treat them will depend on the extent to which they impact your life and how frequently they occur. If they occur only occasionally and don't cause any symptoms, it's unlikely your doctor will recommend any medication to lessen their frequency or severity.

If you are experiencing frequent PVCs, which can cause pulses or other symptoms, such as feeling light-headed or fainting, your doctor may prescribe medications such as beta blockers and calcium channel blockers. Making changes to your lifestyle in order to stay clear of triggers, such as smoking, caffeine and excess stress, can also help lower the number of times you experience these irregular pulses.

Prevention

A person might not experience any symptoms at all from PVCs or heart palpitations (irregular heartbeats) which can appear as "skipped" beats or fluttering in the chest. Sometimes, these episodes cause an increase in pressure or fullness in the chest, and other times they can cause a person to feel faint. These episodes happen because the heart is not pumping as effectively as normal. PVCs are associated with an increased risk of developing dilated cardiac myopathy. This is a condition in which the heart gets larger and unable to pump blood.

PVCs are often caused by changes in the body's chemistry. They can be caused by the release of adrenaline and thyroid hormones, as well as drinking alcohol or caffeine. Lack of exercise can also trigger these episodes and stress, as well as excessive weight.

Some people find that changing their diet can help reduce the number of PVCs. For instance, they could avoid foods with preservatives, which can cause a disturbance to the heartbeat, for example disodium guanylate (E621), disodium inosinate (E627) and diazole sodium (E282-283). It is also recommended to take in more fruits and vegetables to ensure that they get sufficient magnesium and potassium.

Regular health checks are essential as are annual physicals. These tests can help identify any heart-related conditions that could be causing your PVCs. It is also recommended to adhere to a healthy eating plan and avoid smoking, which could increase the frequency of your episodes.

A survey of 14 normal hospital wards found that healthcare personnel were generally aware of preventive measures to avoid infections caused by vascular catheters, however their self-assessment of compliance to these guidelines was low. After a feedback program the compliance level improved on a few areas, but was still very low. This suggests that training is needed on how to implement preventive measures and those wards that are less compliant need to be targeted for monitoring of infection. These data can be used to guide quality improvement initiatives in these wards. It is likely that this will require more education and training for staff. It is also necessary to ensure that the correct tools to implement the preventive measures are readily available.

Symptoms

The premature contraction of the ventricular muscle can cause your heartbeat to skip beats or be fluttering. These arrhythmias can be harmless or they could be a sign of serious heart problems.

In healthy individuals, PVCs that occur occasionally are not a problem. They usually disappear on their own. If you have many of them, it can cause dizziness or weakening. Talk to your doctor if you are concerned. You may need to give your medical history and they may also conduct an examination to diagnose the problem. They'll likely also need to do an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) or other tests.

A short ECG test allows your doctor to see the pulse of your heart moving through your body for a an extremely short time. If you have PVCs, they will show on the test. Your doctor may also decide to do an overnight or 24-hour Holter monitor which monitors your heartbeat for longer periods of time. These tests can help distinguish PVCs from arrhythmias causing heart palpitations. You can also wear an event monitor, a handheld device which records your heart rhythm for 30 days.

Other heart tests might be required, depending on the cause of your PVCs. A cardiologist may check your blood pressure, or perform an echocardiogram (ultrasound of the heart). These tests will determine if you suffer from a condition like heart failure or mitral valve prolapse or cardiomyopathy.

Your doctor may also have to do an analysis of your blood to determine what is wrong with your electrolytes for example, low potassium levels or high calcium levels. This could be a sign that you have PVCs, or another problem such as anemia, or anxiety disorders.

You could be referred to an electrophysiologist, a specialist who specializes in treating heart rhythms that are abnormal. If you have heart disease that is structural the specialist may have to do other tests, like an MRI or CT scan of your chest. These tests will help determine whether your heart is damaged and how severe it is. In some cases, a specialist may recommend pacemakers to treat the issue which is causing the PVCs.