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EC-COUNCIL 212-81 Exam Syllabus Topics:

Topic Details
Topic 1
  • Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP)
  • National Security Agency and Cryptography
Topic 2
  • Propagating Cipher-Block Chaining (PCBC)
  • Naor-Reingold and Mersenne Twister Pseudorandom Function
Topic 3
  • Symmetric Cryptography & Hashes
  • Single Substitution Weaknesses
Topic 4
  • Introduction and History of Cryptography
  • Breaking the Vigenère Cipher
Topic 5
  • Cracking Modern Cryptography: Ciphertext-only and Related-key Attack
  • Cracking Modern Cryptography: Chosen Plaintext Attack
Topic 6
  • Cracking Modern Cryptography
  • Example of Symmetric Stream Ciphers: PIKE
Topic 7
  • Steganography Implementations
  • Example of Symmetric Stream Ciphers: RC4
Topic 8
  • Server-based Certificate Validation Protocol
  • Classification of Random Number Generator
Topic 9
  • Number Theory and Asymmetric Cryptography
  • Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
Topic 10
  • International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA)
  • History of Cryptography
Topic 11
  • Information Theory Cryptography Concepts
  • Multi-Alphabet Substitution
Topic 12
  • Shiva Password Authentication Protocol (S-PAP)
  • Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP)

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EC-COUNCIL Certified Encryption Specialist Sample Questions (Q61-Q66):

NEW QUESTION # 61
Widely used, particularly with Microsoft operating systems. Created by MIT and derives its name from the mythical three headed dog. The is a great deal of verification for the tickets and the tickets expire quickly. Client authenticates to the Authentication Server once using a long term shared secret and receives back a Ticket-Granting Server. Client can reuse this ticket to get additional tickets without reusing the shared secret. These tickets are used to prove authentication to the Service Server.

  • A. Yarrow
  • B. ElGamal
  • C. Diffie-Hellman
  • D. Kerberos

Answer: D Explanation:
Kerberos
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerberos_(protocol)
Kerberos is a computer-network authentication protocol that works on the basis of tickets to allow nodes communicating over a non-secure network to prove their identity to one another in a secure manner. The protocol was named after the character Kerberos (or Cerberus) from Greek mythology, the ferocious three-headed guard dog of Hades. Its designers aimed it primarily at a client-server model and it provides mutual authentication-both the user and the server verify each other's identity. Kerberos protocol messages are protected against eavesdropping and replay attacks.
Kerberos builds on symmetric key cryptography and requires a trusted third party, and optionally may use public-key cryptography during certain phases of authentication. Kerberos uses UDP port 88 by default.
Incorrect answers:
ElGamal - ElGamal encryption system is an asymmetric key encryption algorithm for public-key cryptography which is based on the Diffie-Hellman key exchange. It was described by Taher Elgamal in 1985. ElGamal encryption is used in the free GNU Privacy Guard software, recent versions of PGP, and other cryptosystems. The Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA) is a variant of the ElGamal signature scheme, which should not be confused with ElGamal encryption.
Diffie-Hellman - Diffie-Hellman key exchange is a method of securely exchanging cryptographic keys over a public channel and was one of the first public-key protocols as conceived by Ralph Merkle and named after Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman.[1][2] DH is one of the earliest practical examples of public key exchange implemented within the field of cryptography. Published in 1976 by Diffie and Hellman, this is the earliest publicly known work that proposed the idea of a private key and a corresponding public key.
Yarrow - algorithm is a family of cryptographic pseudorandom number generators (CPRNG) devised by John Kelsey, Bruce Schneier, and Niels Ferguson and published in 1999. The Yarrow algorithm is explicitly unpatented, royalty-free, and open source; no license is required to use it. Yarrow is incorporated in iOS and macOS for their /dev/random devices, and was in FreeBSD (where it is superseded by Fortuna).
NEW QUESTION # 62
A method for cracking modern cryptography. The attacker obtains the cipher texts corresponding to a set of plain texts of own choosing. Allows the attacker to attempt to derive the key. Difficult but not impossible.

  • A. Steganography
  • B. Chosen Plaintext Attack
  • C. Transposition
  • D. Rainbow Tables

Answer: B Explanation:
Chosen Plaintext Attack
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chosen-plaintext_attack
A chosen-plaintext attack (CPA) is an attack model for cryptanalysis which presumes that the attacker can obtain the ciphertexts for arbitrary plaintexts. The goal of the attack is to gain information that reduces the security of the encryption scheme.
Incorrect answers:
Rainbow Tables - precomputed table for caching the output of cryptographic hash functions, usually for cracking password hashes.
Transposition - swapping blocks of text.
Steganography - the practice of concealing a file, message, image, or video within another file, message, image, or video.
NEW QUESTION # 63
The time and effort required to break a security measure.

  • A. Session Key
  • B. Payload
  • C. Non-repudiation
  • D. Work factor

Answer: D Explanation:
Work factor
Work factor - the time and effort required to break a security measure.
Incorrect answers:
Non-repudiation - involves associating actions or changes with a unique individual.
Session Key - is a single-use symmetric key used for encrypting all messages in one communication session. A closely related term is content encryption key (CEK), traffic encryption key (TEK), or multicast key which refers to any key used for encrypting messages, contrary to other uses like encrypting other keys (key encryption key (KEK) or key wrapping key).
Payload - is the part of transmitted data that is the actual intended message. Headers and metadata are sent only to enable payload delivery.
NEW QUESTION # 64
Terrance oversees the key escrow server for his company. All employees use asymmetric cryptography to encrypt all emails. How many keys are needed for asymmetric cryptography?

  • A. 0
  • B. 1
  • C. 2
  • D. 3

Answer: D Explanation:
:
2
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public-keycryptography
Public-key cryptography, or asymmetric cryptography, is a cryptographic system that uses pairs of keys: public keys, which may be disseminated widely, and private keys, which are known only to the owner. The generation of such keys depends on cryptographic algorithms based on mathematical problems to produce one-way functions. Effective security only requires keeping the private key private; the public key can be openly distributed without compromising security.
In such a system, any person can encrypt a message using the receiver's public key, but that encrypted message can only be decrypted with the receiver's private key.
NEW QUESTION # 65
A ____ is a function that takes a variable-size input m and returns a fixed-size string.

  • A. Feistel
  • B. Hash
  • C. Asymmetric cipher
  • D. Symmetric cipher

Answer: B Explanation:
Hash
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hash_function
A hash function is any function that can be used to map data of arbitrary size to fixed-size values.
NEW QUESTION # 66
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