Irrigation is the practice of applying water to plants to promote their growth. In agriculture, irrigation is often accomplished using sprinklers, drip tape, or overhead pipes. Irrigation is necessary to ensure that crops receive adequate amounts of water throughout their lifecycle. Watering practices vary depending on the type of crop being grown.

Fertilization is the application of chemical compounds to the soil to increase its fertility. These chemicals may be applied directly to the soil or incorporated into the seed before planting. Fertilizer is commonly applied to crops to improve yields and enhance nutritional content. smart farming in India