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AWS-DevOps Exam Syllabus Topics:
| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
SDLC Automation - 22% | |
| Apply concepts required to automate a CI/CD pipeline | - Set up repositories - Set up build services - Integrate automated testing (e.g., unit tests, integrity tests) - Set up deployment products/services - Orchestrate multiple pipeline stages |
| Determine source control strategies and how to implement them | - Determine a workflow for integrating code changes from multiple contributors - Assess security requirements and recommend code repository access design - Reconcile running application versions to repository versions (tags) - Differentiate different source control types |
| Apply concepts required to automate and integrate testing | - Run integration tests as part of code merge process - Run load/stress testing and benchmark applications at scale - Measure application health based on application exit codes (robust Health Check) - Automate unit tests to check pass/fail, code coverage
|
| Apply concepts required to build and manage artifacts securely | - Distinguish storage options based on artifacts security classification - Translate application requirements into Operating System and package configuration (build specs) - Determine the code/environment dependencies and required resources Example: CodeDeploy AppSpec, CodeBuild buildspec
|
| Determine deployment/delivery strategies (e.g., A/B, Blue/green, Canary, Red/black) and how to implement them using AWS services | - Determine the correct delivery strategy based on business needs - Critique existing deployment strategies and suggest improvements - Recommend DNS/routing strategies (e.g., Route 53, ELB, ALB, load balancer) based on business continuity goals - Verify deployment success/failure and automate rollbacks |
| ## Configuration Management and Infrastructure as Code - 19% | |
| Determine deployment services based on deployment needs | - Demonstrate knowledge of process flows of deployment models - Given a specific deployment model, classify and implement relevant AWS services to meet requirements Given the requirement to have DynamoDB choose CloudFormation instead of OpsWorks Determine what to do with rolling updates |
| Determine application and infrastructure deployment models based on business needs | - Balance different considerations (cost, availability, time to recovery) based on business requirements to choose the best deployment model - Determine a deployment model given specific AWS services - Analyze risks associated with deployment models and relevant remedies |
| Apply security concepts in the automation of resource provisioning | - Choose the best automation tool given requirements - Demonstrate knowledge of security best practices for resource provisioning (e.g., encrypting data bags, generating credentials on the fly) - Review IAM policies and assess if sufficient but least privilege is granted for all lifecycle stages of a deployment (e.g., create, update, promote) - Review credential management solutions (e.g., EC2 parameter store, third party) - Build the automation
|
| Determine how to implement lifecycle hooks on a deployment | - Determine appropriate integration techniques to meet project requirements - Choose the appropriate hook solution (e.g., implement leader node selection after a node failure) in an Auto Scaling group - Evaluate hook implementation for failure impacts (if a remote call fails, if a dependent service is temporarily unavailable (i.e., Amazon S3), and recommend resiliency improvements - Evaluate deployment rollout procedures for failure impacts and evaluate rollback/recovery processes |
| Apply concepts required to manage systems using AWS configuration management tools and services | - Identify pros and cons of AWS configuration management tools - Demonstrate knowledge of configuration management components - Show the ability to run configuration management services end to end with no assistance while adhering to industry best practices |
Monitoring and Logging - 15% | |
| Determine how to set up the aggregation, storage, and analysis of logs and metrics | - Implement and configure distributed logs collection and processing (e.g., agents, syslog, flumed, CW agent) - Aggregate logs (e.g., Amazon S3, CW Logs, intermediate systems (EMR), Kinesis FH – Transformation, ELK/BI) - Implement custom CW metrics, Log subscription filters - Manage Log storage lifecycle (e.g., CW to S3, S3 lifecycle, S3 events) |
| Apply concepts required to automate monitoring and event management of an environment | - Parse logs (e.g., Amazon S3 data events/event logs/ELB/ALB/CF access logs) and correlate with other alarms/events (e.g., CW events to AWS Lambda) and take appropriate action - Use CloudTrail/VPC flow logs for detective control (e.g., CT, CW log filters, Athena, NACL or WAF rules) and take dependent actions (AWS step) based on error handling logic (state machine) - Configure and implement Patch/inventory/state management using ESM (SSM), Inspector, CodeDeploy, OpsWorks, and CW agents
|
| Apply concepts required to audit, log, and monitor operating systems, infrastructures, and applications | - Monitor end to end service metrics (DDB/S3) using available AWS tools (X-ray with EB and Lambda) - Verify environment/OS state through auditing (Inspector), Config rules, CloudTrail (process and action), and AWS APIs - Enable, configure, and analyze custom metrics (e.g., Application metrics, memory, KCL/KPL) and take action - Ensure container monitoring (e.g., task state, placement, logging, port mapping, LB) - Distinguish between services that enable service level or OS level monitoring Example: AWS services that use OS agents (e.g., Inspector, SSM) |
| Determine how to implement tagging and other metadata strategies | - Segregate authority based on tagging (lifecycle stages – dev/prod) with Condition context keys - Utilize Amazon S3 system/user-defined metadata for classification and automation - Design and implement tag-based deployment groups with CodeDeploy - Best practice for cost allocation/optimization with tagging |
Policies and Standards Automation - 10% | |
| Apply concepts required to enforce standards for logging, metrics, monitoring, testing, and security | - Detect, report, and respond to governance and security violations - Apply logging standards across application, operating system, and infrastructure - Apply context specific application health and performance monitoring - Outline standards for delivery models for logs and metrics (e.g., JSON, XML, Data Normalization) |
| Determine how to optimize cost through automation | - Prioritize automation effort to reduce labor costs - Implement right sizing of workload based on metrics - Assess ways to improve time to market through automating process orchestration and repeatable tasks - Diagnose outliers to determine use case fit
|
| Apply concepts required to implement governance strategies | - Generalize governance standards across CI/CD pipeline - Outline and measure the real-time status of compliance with governance strategies - Report on compliance with governance strategies - Deploy governance policies related to self-service capabilities
|
Incident and Event Response - 18% | |
| Troubleshoot issues and determine how to restore operations | - Given an issue, evaluate how to narrow down the unhealthy components as quickly as possible - Given an increase in load, determine what steps to take to mitigate the impact - Determine the causes and impacts of a failure
|
Amazon AWS Certified DevOps Engineer - Professional (DOP-C01) Sample Questions (Q76-Q81):
NEW QUESTION # 76
You have just recently deployed an application on EC2 instances behind an ELB. After a couple of weeks,
customers are complaining on receiving errors from the application. You want to diagnose the errors and are
trying to get errors from the ELB access logs. But the ELB access logs are empty. What is the reason for this.
- A. You do not have your CloudWatch metrics correctly configured
- B. Access logging is an optional feature of Elastic Load Balancing that is disabled by default
- C. ELB Access logs are only available for a maximum of one week.
- D. You do not have the appropriate permissions to access the logs
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
Clastic Load Balancing provides access logs that capture detailed information about requests sent to your load
balancer. Cach log contains information such as the
time the request was received, the client's IP address, latencies, request paths, and server responses. You can
use these access logs to analyze traffic patterns and
to troubleshoot issues.
Access logging is an optional feature of Elastic Load Balancing that is disabled by default. After you enable
access logging for your load balancer. Clastic Load
Balancing captures the logs and stores them in the Amazon S3 bucket that you specify. You can disable access
logging at any time.
For more information on CLB access logs, please refer to the below document link: from AWS
* http://docs.aws.amazon.com/elasticloadbalancing/latest/classic/access-log-collection.
html
NEW QUESTION # 77
A DevOps engineer is writing an AWS CloudFormation template to stand up a web service that will run on Amazon EC2 instances in a private subnet behind an ELB Application Load Balancer. The Engineer must ensure that the service can accept requests from clients that have IPv6 addresses. Which configuration items should the Engineer incorporate into the CloudFormation template to allow IPv6 clients to access the web service?
- A. Replace the Application Load Balancer with a Network Load Balancer. Associate an IPv6 CIDR block with the Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) and subnets where the Network Load Balancer lives, and assign the Network Load Balancer an IPv6 Elastic IP address.
- B. Create a target group and add the EC2 instances as targets. Create a listener on port 443 of the Application Load Balancer. Associate the newly created target group as the default target group. Select a dual stack IP address, and create a rule in the security group that allows inbound traffic from anywhere.
- C. Assign each EC2 instance an IPv6 Elastic IP address. Create a target group and add the EC2 instances as targets. Create a listener on port 443 of the Application Load Balancer, and associate the newly created target group as the default target group.
- D. Associate an IPv6 CIDR block with the Amazon VPC and subnets where the EC2 instances will live. Create route table entries for the IPv6 network, use EC2 instance types that support IPv6, and assign IPv6 addresses to each EC2 instance.
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 78
A DevOps Engineer is asked to implement a strategy for deploying updates to a web application with zero downtime. The application infrastructure is defined in AWS CloudFormation and is made up of an Amazon Route 53 record, an Application Load Balancer, Amazon EC2 instances in an EC2 Auto Scaling group, and Amazon DynamoDB tables. To avoid downtime, there must be an active instance serving the application at all times.
Which strategies will ensure the deployment happens with zero downtime? (Select TWO.)
- A. Add a new Application Load Balancer and Auto Scaling group to the CloudFormation template. Modify the AWS::AutoScaling::AutoScalingGroup resource and add an UpdatePolicy attribute to perform rolling updates.
- B. In the CloudFormation template, modify the AWS::AutoScaling::AutoscalingGroup resource and add an UpdatePolicy attribute to define the required elements for a deployment with zero downtime.
- C. In the CloudFormation template, modify the UpgradePolicy attribute for the CloudFormation stack and specify the Auto Scaling group that will be updated Configure MinSuccessfulInstancesPercent and PauseTime to ensure the deployment happens with zero downtime.
- D. Add a new Application Load Balancer and Auto Scaling group to the CloudFormation template. Deploy new changes to the inactive Auto Scaling group. Use Route 53 to change the active Application Load Balancer.
- E. In the CloudFormation template, modify the AWS:: AutoScaling::DeploymentUpdates resource and add an UpdatePolicy attribute to define the required elements for a deployment with zero downtime.
Answer: B,D
NEW QUESTION # 79
A company is developing a web application's infrastructure using AWS CloudFormation. The database engineering team maintains the database resources in a CloudFormation template, and the software development team maintains the web application resources in a separate CloudFormation template As the scope of the application grows, the software development team needs to use resources maintained by the database engineering team However, both teams have their own review and lifecycle management processes that they want to keep Both teams also require resource-level change-set reviews The software development team would like to deploy changes to this template using their CI/CD pipeline.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
- A. Create a stack export from the database CloudFormation template and import those references into the web application CloudFormation template
- B. Create a CloudFormation stack set to make cross-stack resource references and parameters available in both stacks
- C. Create a CloudFormation nested stack to make cross-stack resource references and parameters available in both stacks.
- D. Create input parameters in the web application CloudFormation template and pass resource names and IDs from the database stack.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 80
A government agency is storing highly confidential files in an encrypted Amazon S3 bucket. The agency has configured federated access and has allowed only a particular on-premises Active Directory user group to access this bucket.
The agency wants to maintain audit records and automatically detect and revert any accidental changes administrators make to the IAM policies used for providing this restricted federated access.
Which of the following options provide the FASTEST way to meet these requirements?
- A. Configure an AWS Config rule to detect the configuration change and execute an AWS Lambda function to revert the change.
- B. Schedule an AWS Lambda function that will scan the IAM policy attached to the federated access role for detecting and reverting any changes.
- C. Configure an Amazon CloudWatch Events Event Bus on an AWS CloudTrail API for triggering the AWS Lambda function that detects and reverts the change.
- D. Restrict administrators in the on-premises Active Directory from changing the IAM policies.
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 81
......
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