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EC-COUNCIL 212-81 Exam Syllabus Topics:

Topic Details
Topic 1
  • Information Theory Cryptography Concepts
  • Multi-Alphabet Substitution
Topic 2
  • Symmetric Cryptography & Hashes
  • Single Substitution Weaknesses
Topic 3
  • Symmetric Block Cipher Algorithms
  • Basic Facts of the Feistel Function
Topic 4
  • Cracking Modern Cryptography: Ciphertext-only and Related-key Attack
  • Cracking Modern Cryptography: Chosen Plaintext Attack
Topic 5
  • International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA)
  • History of Cryptography
Topic 6
  • Number Theory and Asymmetric Cryptography
  • Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
Topic 7
  • Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP)
  • National Security Agency and Cryptography
Topic 8
  • Propagating Cipher-Block Chaining (PCBC)
  • Naor-Reingold and Mersenne Twister Pseudorandom Function

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EC-COUNCIL Certified Encryption Specialist Sample Questions (Q70-Q75):

NEW QUESTION # 70
Which of the following is a block cipher?

  • A. RC4
  • B. RSA
  • C. DH
  • D. AES

Answer: D Explanation:
AES
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AdvancedEncryptionStandard
AES is a subset of the Rijndael block cipher developed by two Belgian cryptographers, Vincent Rijmen and Joan Daemen, who submitted a proposal to NIST during the AES selection process Incorrect answers:
RC4. RC4 (Rivest Cipher 4 also known as ARC4 or ARCFOUR meaning Alleged RC4, see below) is a stream cipher.
DH. Diffie-Hellman key exchange is a method of securely exchanging cryptographic keys over a public channel and was one of the first public-key protocols as conceived by Ralph Merkle and named after Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman.
RSA. RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman) is one of the first public-key cryptosystems and is widely used for secure data transmission.
NEW QUESTION # 71
With Cipher-block chaining (CBC) what happens?

  • A. The cipher text from the current round is XORed with the plaintext for the next round
  • B. Each block of plaintext is XORed with the previous ciphertext block before being encrypted
  • C. The block cipher is turned into a stream cipher
  • D. The message is divided into blocks and each block is encrypted separately. This is the most basic mode for symmetric encryption

Answer: B Explanation:
Each block of plaintext is XORed with the previous ciphertext block before being encrypted
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockciphermodeofoperation#Cipherblockchaining_(CBC) In CBC mode, each block of plaintext is XORed with the previous ciphertext block before being encrypted. This way, each ciphertext block depends on all plaintext blocks processed up to that point. To make each message unique, an initialization vector must be used in the first block.
NEW QUESTION # 72
Which one of the following is an authentication method that sends the username and password in cleartext?

  • A. CHAP
  • B. PAP
  • C. Kerberos
  • D. SPAP

Answer: B Explanation:
PAP
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PasswordAuthenticationProtocol
Password Authentication Protocol (PAP) is a password-based authentication protocol used by Point to Point Protocol (PPP) to validate users. Almost all network operating system remote servers support PAP. PAP is specified in RFC 1334.
PAP is considered a weak authentication scheme (weak schemes are simple and have lighter computational overhead but are much more vulnerable to attack; while weak schemes may have limited application in some constrained environments, they are avoided in general). Among PAP's deficiencies is the fact that it transmits unencrypted passwords (i.e. in plain-text) over the network. PAP is therefore used only as a last resort when the remote server does not support a stronger scheme such as CHAP or EAP.
Incorrect answers:
SPAP - Shiva Password Authentication Protocol, PAP with encryption for the usernames/passwords that are transmitted.
CHAP - calculates a hash, shares the hash with the client system, the hash is periodically validated to ensure nothing has changed.
Kerberos - computer-network authentication protocol that works on the basis of tickets to allow nodes communicating over a non-secure network to prove their identity to one another in a secure manner. Its designers aimed it primarily at a client-server model and it provides mutual authentication-both the user and the server verify each other's identity. Kerberos protocol messages are protected against eavesdropping and replay attacks.
Kerberos builds on symmetric key cryptography and requires a trusted third party, and optionally may use public-key cryptography during certain phases of authentication.
NEW QUESTION # 73
You are trying to find a modern method for security web traffic for use in your company's ecommerce web site. Which one of the following is used to encrypt web pages and uses bilateral authentication?

  • A. AES
  • B. SSL
  • C. TLS
  • D. 3DES

Answer: C Explanation:
TLS
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutual_authentication
Mutual authentication or two-way authentication refers to two parties authenticating each other at the same time, being a default mode of authentication in some protocols (IKE, SSH) and optional in others (TLS).
By default the TLS protocol only proves the identity of the server to the client using X.509 certificate and the authentication of the client to the server is left to the application layer. TLS also offers client-to-server authentication using client-side X.509 authentication. As it requires provisioning of the certificates to the clients and involves less user-friendly experience, it's rarely used in end-user applications.
NEW QUESTION # 74
Bruce Schneier is a well-known and highly respected cryptographer. He has developed several pseudo random number generators as well as worked on teams developing symmetric ciphers. Which one of the following is a symmetric block cipher designed in 1993 by Bruce Schneier team that is unpatented?

  • A. AES
  • B. SHA1
  • C. Blowfish
  • D. Pegasus

Answer: D Explanation:
Blowfish
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blowfish_(cipher)
Blowfish is a symmetric-key block cipher, designed in 1993 by Bruce Schneier and included in many cipher suites and encryption products.
NEW QUESTION # 75
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