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NEW QUESTION # 188
Which of the following is a block cipher?
Answer: C
Explanation:
AES
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AdvancedEncryptionStandard
AES is a subset of the Rijndael block cipher developed by two Belgian cryptographers, Vincent Rijmen and Joan Daemen, who submitted a proposal to NIST during the AES selection process Incorrect answers:
RC4. RC4 (Rivest Cipher 4 also known as ARC4 or ARCFOUR meaning Alleged RC4, see below) is a stream cipher.
DH. Diffie-Hellman key exchange is a method of securely exchanging cryptographic keys over a public channel and was one of the first public-key protocols as conceived by Ralph Merkle and named after Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman.
RSA. RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman) is one of the first public-key cryptosystems and is widely used for secure data transmission.
NEW QUESTION # 189
Changing some part of the plain text for some matching part of cipher text. Historical algorithms typically use this.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Substitution
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substitutioncipher
In cryptography, a substitution cipher is a method of encrypting by which units of plaintext are replaced with ciphertext, according to a fixed system; the "units" may be single letters (the most common), pairs of letters, triplets of letters, mixtures of the above, and so forth. The receiver deciphers the text by performing the inverse substitution.
Incorrect answers:
Decoding - the reverse process from encoding - converting the encoded message back into its plaintext format.
Collision - occurs when a hash function generates the same output for different inputs.
Transposition - a method of encryption by which the positions held by units of plaintext (which are commonly characters or groups of characters) are shifted according to a regular system, so that the ciphertext constitutes a permutation of the plaintext. That is, the order of the units is changed (the plaintext is reordered). Mathematically a bijective function is used on the characters' positions to encrypt and an inverse function to decrypt.
NEW QUESTION # 190
Part of understanding cryptography is understanding the cryptographic primitives that go into any crypto system. A(n) ______ is a fixed-size input to a cryptographic primitive that is random or pseudorandom.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Key
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key(cryptography)
In cryptography, a key is a piece of information (a parameter) that determines the functional output of a cryptographic algorithm. For encryption algorithms, a key specifies the transformation of plaintext into ciphertext, and vice versa for decryption algorithms. Keys also specify transformations in other cryptographic algorithms, such as digital signature schemes and message authentication codes.
NEW QUESTION # 191
In a _____ the attacker discovers a functionally equivalent algorithm for encryption and decryption, but without learning the key.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Global deduction
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptanalysis
Global deduction - the attacker discovers a functionally equivalent algorithm for encryption and decryption, but without learning the key.
Incorrect answers:
Instance (local) deduction - the attacker discovers additional plaintexts (or ciphertexts) not previously known.
Information deduction - the attacker gains some Shannon information about plaintexts (or ciphertexts) not previously known.
Total break - the attacker deduces the secret key.
NEW QUESTION # 192
Which of the following would be the fastest.
Answer: D
Explanation:
AES
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetric-key_algorithm
AES - symmetric cipher. Symmetric keys use the same key for both encryption and decryption. Both the sender and receiver of the data must know and share the secret key. For standard encrypt/decrypt functions, symmetric algorithms generally perform much faster than their asymmetrical counterparts. This is due to the fact that asymmetric cryptography is massively inefficient. Symmetric cryptography is designed precisely for the efficient processing of large volumes of data. In other words, symmetric encryption is generally used for speed and performance, e.g. when there's a large amount of data that needs to be encrypted/protected.
Incorrect answers:
RSA - asymmetric cipher,
DH - Diffie-Hellman key exchange is a method of securely exchanging cryptographic keys over a public channel and was one of the first public-key protocols as conceived by Ralph Merkle and named after Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman.
EC - Elliptic-curve cryptography (ECC) is an approach to public-key cryptography based on the algebraic structure of elliptic curves over finite fields.
NEW QUESTION # 193
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