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CIPS L4M2 Exam Syllabus Topics:

Topic	Details
Topic 1	Monitor specification creation by colleagues and other internal stakeholders Analyse how business needs influence procurement decisions
Topic 2	Understand how to devise a business case for requirements to be sourced from external suppliers Producing estimated costs and budgets
Topic 3	Analyse the criteria that can be applied in the creation of a business case Availability of substitutes and threat of entry
Topic 4	Identify sections of specifications for through life contracts Identify how costs and prices can be estimated for procurement activities
Topic 5	Understand the use of specifications in procurement and supply Analyse the different types of markets utilised by procurement and supply
Topic 6	Approaches to total costs of ownership whole life cycle costing Interpret financial budgets for the control of purchases
Topic 7	Provide guidance to internal stakeholders on implementation Implications of the business needs on the types of purchase

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CIPS Defining Business Needs Sample Questions (Q68-Q73):

NEW QUESTION # 68
An automotive manufacturer is sourcing rubber components from Company A.
The specification given to the supplier state that the component should be 1 meter long, without mentioning the tolerance. Enthusiast with the opportunity, engineers at Company A work hard to cut the components with tolerance at only +/- 1mm. The head and tail of the component is then joined together to form a circular band. After that it is stretched over another component. To fit this purpose, the rubber component can be at any length from 80cm to 110cm. This is an example of...?

• A. Waiting
• B. Over processing
• C. Unnecessary motion
• D. Defects

Answer: B Explanation:
This questions is intended to ask students about types of waste in Lean principles.
Lean was born out of manufacturing practices but in recent time has transformed the world of knowledge work and management. It encourages the practice of continuous improvement and is based on the fundamental idea of respect for people. Womack and Jones defined the five principles of Lean manufacturing in their book "The Machine That Changed the World". The five principles are considered a recipe for improving workplace efficiency and include: 1) defining value, 2) mapping the value stream, 3) creating flow, 4) using a pull system, and 5) pursuing perfection.
Lean principles aim to eliminate waste in processes. The eight wastes of Lean principles are:
- Defects
- Over-production
- Waiting
- Not using talent
- Transport and handling
- Inventory
- Motion waste
- Excess processing
In the scenario, the component is processed more than necessary. The engineers try to make them as accurate as possible with very little tolerance. In fact, the component does not need to be that precise. This excesses buyer's requirements and incurs costs for both buyer and supplier. The scenario is an example of over processing (or excess processing).
Overprocessing is one of the seven wastes of lean manufacturing (or 7 mudas); Overprocessing is adding more value to a product than the customer actually requires such as painting areas that will never be seen or be exposed to corrosion.
Overprocessing as one of the seven wastes is caused by having unclear standards and specifications, many operators will try to do the best job possible and will not always be aware of what truly adds value to the product or even the end use. They will therefore often expend time polishing and finishing components that do not require it.
Reference:
- CIPS study guide page 153-156
- Waste of Overprocessing; causes, costs, examples solutions, symptoms (leanmanufactur-ingtools.org) LO 3, AC 3.4
NEW QUESTION # 69
Which of the following are most likely to increase the buyer's bargaining power?
1. Buyers are price sensitive
2. High set-up cost for new entrants
3. Threat of forward integration is high
4. Threat of backward integration is significant

• A. 1 and 4 only
• B. 2 and 3 only
• C. 2 and 4 only
• D. 3 and 4 only

Answer: A Explanation:
Price sensitivity is the degree to which the price of a product affects consumers' purchasing behaviours. Buyer power will be stronger if buying organisation are price sensitive and vice versa.
Backward integration is a form of vertical integration in which a buying organisation expands its role to fulfil tasks formerly completed by businesses up the supply chain. Buyer power is strong if threat of backward integration is high.
Set-up cost is a determinant of threat of new entry. Some industries require very expensive assets in order to make products. The financial risk of entering the industry and not succeeding can deter many potential new entrants. The fewer new entrants, the fewer available substitutes, then the bar-gaining power of buyer can be negatively affected.
Forward integration is a business strategy that involves a form of vertical integration whereby business activities are expanded to include control of the direct distribution or supply of a compa-ny's products. Threat of forward integration is a determinant of supplier's bargaining power.
Reference:
LO 2, AC 2.2
NEW QUESTION # 70
Which of the following are considered as direct costs in a construction company? Select TWO op-tions

• A. Clerical assistants who maintain the office
• B. Advertising and marketing communication
• C. The materials and supplies needed for the company's day-to-day operations.
• D. An employee is hired to work on a project, either exclusively or for an assigned number of hours
• E. Raw materials

Answer: D,E Explanation:
Direct costs are directly associated with the production of a good or service. In this question, 'An employee is hired to work on a project, either exclusively or for an assigned number of hours' and 'Raw materials' are directly related to producing the product.
Indirect costs are the general costs of the organisation - these costs cannot easily be attributed to specific products or services (also known as overheads). 'The materials and supplies needed for the company's day-to-day operations' or 'Clerical assistants who maintain the office' or 'Advertising and marketing communication' is example of indirect cost.
Reference:
LO 1, AC 1.2
NEW QUESTION # 71
When procuring an IT equipment, at which stage the buyer's expectations are translated into a technical specification?

• A. Design
• B. In-service support
• C. Installation
• D. Customer support

Answer: A Explanation:
IT equipment is typically linked with through-life contracts. This type of contract not only deal with the specification and the price of a machinery, but also other stages such as design, manufacture, installation, in-service support, decommission and disposal. Among these stages, the design stage is when buyer's requirements are translated into technically correct specification.
Reference:
LO 3, AC 3.2
NEW QUESTION # 72
Which of the following activities are considered as secondary activities of an organization? Select TWO that apply

• A. Training
• B. Component fabrication
• C. Information system development
• D. Service response
• E. Shipping

Answer: A,C Explanation:
According to Porter's value chain, secondary activities consist of firm infrastructure, human re-source management, technology development and procurement.
Training is an example of human resource development, while information system is a part of firm infrastructure.
LO 2, AC 2.1
NEW QUESTION # 73
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