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Amazon AWS Certified DevOps Engineer - Professional 認定 DOP-C01 試験問題 (Q17-Q22):

質問 # 17
A company using AWS CodeCommit for source control wants to automate its continuous integration and continuous deployment pipeline on AWS in its development environment. The company has three requirements:
1. There must be a legal and a security review of any code change to make sure sensitive information is not leaked through the source code.
2. Every change must go through unit testing.
3. Every change must go through a suite of functional testing to ensure functionality.
In addition, the company has the following requirements for automation:
1. Code changes should automatically trigger the CI/CD pipellline.
2. Any failure in the pipeline should notify [email protected]
3. There must be an approval to stage the assets to Amazon S3 after tests have been performed.
What should a DevOps Engineer do to meet all of these requirements while following CI/CD best practices?

• A. Commit to the development branch and trigger AWS CodePipeline from the development branch. Make an individual stage in CodePipeline for security review, unit tests, functional tests, and manual approval. Use Amazon CloudWatch metrics to detect changes in pipeline stages and Amazon SES for emailing devops- [email protected]
• B. Commit to mainline and trigger AWS CodePipeline from mainline. Make an individual stage in CodePipeline for security review, unit tests, functional tests, and manual approval. Use AWS CloudTrail logs to detect changes in pipeline stages and Amazon SNS for emailing [email protected]
• C. Commit to the development branch and trigger AWS CodePipeline from the development branch. Make an individual stage in CodePipeline for security review, unit tests, functional tests, and manual approval. Use Amazon CloudWatch Events to detect changes in pipeline stages and Amazon SNS for emailing devops- [email protected]
• D. Commit to mainline and trigger AWS CodePipeline from mainline. Make an individual stage in CodePipeline for security review, unit tests, functional tests, and manual approval. Use Amazon CloudWatch Events to detect changes in pipeline stages and Amazon SES for emailing [email protected]

正解：C
質問 # 18
You have an application which consists of EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group. Between a particular time frame every day, there is an increase in traffic to your website. Hence users are complaining of a poor response time on the application. You have configured your Auto Scaling group to deploy one new EC2 instance when CPU utilization is greater than 60% for 2 consecutive periods of 5 minutes. What is the least cost-effective way to resolve this problem?

• A. Decrease the collection period to ten minutes
• B. Decrease the threshold CPU utilization percentage at which to deploy a new instance
• C. Increase the minimum number of instances in the Auto Scaling group
• D. Decrease the consecutive number of collection periods

正解：C 解説：
Explanation
If you increase the minimum number of instances, then they will be running even though the load is not high on the website. Hence you are incurring cost even though there is no need.
All of the remaining options are possible options which can be used to increase the number of instances on a high load.
For more information on On-demand scaling, please refer to the below link:
* http://docs.aws.amazon.com/autoscaling/latest/userguide/as-scale-based-on-demand.html
Note: The tricky part where the question is asking for 'least cost effective way". You got the design consideration correctly but need to be careful on how the question is phrased.
質問 # 19
A retail company wants to use AWS Elastic Beanstalk to host its online sales website running on Java. Since this will be the production website, the CTO has the following requirements for the deployment strategy:
- Zero downtime. While the deployment is ongoing, the current Amazon EC2 instances in service should remain in service. No deployment or any other action should be performed on the EC2 instances because they serve production traffic.
- A new fleet of instances should be provisioned for deploying the new application version.
- Once the new application version is deployed successfully in the new fleet of instances, the new instances should be placed in service and the old ones should be removed.
- The rollback should be as easy as possible. If the new fleet of instances fail to deploy the new application version, they should be terminated and the current instances should continue serving traffic as normal.
- The resources within the environment (EC2 Auto Scaling group, Elastic Load Balancing, Elastic Beanstalk DNS CNAME) should remain the same and no DNS change should be made.
Which deployment strategy will meet the requirements?

• A. Use rolling deployments with a fixed amount of one instance at a time and set the healthy threshold to OK.
• B. Use immutable environment updates to meet all the necessary requirements.
• C. Use rolling deployments with additional batch with a fixed amount of one instance at a time and set the healthy threshold to OK.
• D. launch a new environment and deploy the new application version there, then perform a CNAME swap between environments.

正解：B 解説：
https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/whats-new/2016/04/aws-elastic-beanstalk-adds-two-new- deployment-policies-and-amazon-linux-ami-2016-03-update/
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/elasticbeanstalk/latest/dg/environmentmgmt-updates- immutable.html
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/elasticbeanstalk/latest/dg/command-options- general.html#command-options-general-elasticbeanstalkcommand
質問 # 20
A company is using several AWS CloudFormation templates for deploying infrastructure as code. In most of the deployments, the company uses Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling groups. A DevOps Engineer needs to update the AMIs for the Auto Scaling group in the template if newer AMIs are available.
How can these requirements be met?

• A. Use conditions in the AWS CloudFormation template to check if new AMIs are available and return the AMI ID. Reference the returned AMI ID in the launch configuration resource block.
• B. Manage the AMI mappings in the CloudFormation template. Use Amazon CloudWatch Events for detecting new AMIs and updating the mapping in the template. Reference the map in the launch configuration resource block.
• C. Use an AWS Lambda-backed custom resource in the template to fetch the AMI IDs. Reference the returned AMI ID in the launch configuration resource block.
• D. Launch an Amazon EC2 m4.small instance and run a script on it to check for new AMIs. If new AMIs are available, the script should update the launch configuration resource block with the new AMI ID.

正解：D
質問 # 21
A global company with distributed Development teams built a web application using a microservices architecture running on Amazon ECS. Each application service is independent and runs as a service in the ECS cluster. The container build files and source code reside in a private GitHub source code repository.
Separate ECS clusters exist for development, testing, and production environments.
Developers are required to push features to branches in the GitHub repository and then merge the changes into an environment-specific branch (development, test, or production). This merge needs to trigger an automated pipeline to run a build and a deployment to the appropriate ECS cluster.
What should the DevOps Engineer recommend as an automated solution to these requirements?

• A. Create a new repository in AWS CodeCommit. Configure a scheduled project in AWS CodeBuild to synchronize the GitHub repository to the new CodeCommit repository. Create a separate pipeline for each environment triggered by changes to the CodeCommit repository. Add a stage using AWS Lambda to build the container image and push to Amazon ECR. Then add another stage to update the ECS task and service definitions in the appropriate cluster for that environment.
• B. Create a separate pipeline in AWS CodePipeline for each environment. Trigger each pipeline based on commits to the corresponding environment branch in GitHub. Add a build stage to launch AWS CodeBuild to create the container image from the build file and push it to Amazon ECR. Then add another stage to update the Amazon ECS task and service definitions in the appropriate cluster for that environment.
• C. Create a pipeline in AWS CodePipeline. Configure it to be triggered by commits to the master branch in GitHub. Add a stage to use the Git commit message to determine which environment the commit should be applied to, then call the create-image Amazon ECR command to build the image, passing it to the container build file. Then add a stage to update the ECS task and service definitions in the appropriate cluster for that environment.
• D. Create an AWS CloudFormation stack for the ECS cluster and AWS CodePipeline services. Store the container build files in an Amazon S3 bucket. Use a post-commit hook to trigger a CloudFormation stack update that deploys the ECS cluster. Add a task in the ECS cluster to build and push images to Amazon ECR, based on the container build files in S3.

正解：D
質問 # 22
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