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Why It's Important to See a Doctor
Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) are a type of irregular heartbeat. These extra beats are usually not risky, and they may disappear by themselves.
Doctors will listen to your heartbeat and also check other vital indicators. They may order a Holter monitor, a device that tracks your heart's electrical impulses over 24-48 hours. They can also request blood tests to determine your electrolyte levels and thyroid hormones.
Diagnosis
PVCs are caused by electrical impulses which misfire through the SA node, a structure found in the lower chambers of the heart. This causes the heartbeat to be delayed, causing an experience of fluttering or skipped beats in the chest. PVCs can occur in one pattern or in repeated patterns. Doublets are two consecutive PVCs. Ventricular tachycardia refers to three or more consecutive ones.
Some people are not experiencing any symptoms, while others experience palpitations. This can feel like an unsteady heartbeat or a rapid heartbeat. Other symptoms include dizziness, fatigue, or a feeling that you're unwell.
Many people who experience occasional PVCs don't need any treatment. If someone is experiencing frequent episodes, doctors may recommend a change in diet or lifestyle, such as limiting caffeine, alcohol and stress. They can also prescribe medications, such as calcium channel blockers or beta-blockers which can lower the heart rate and lower blood pressure.
Doctors will ask the patient about their medical history, and then perform a physical examination to check on their general health. They can also employ a Holter monitor to record the heart's rhythms over longer durations, or an electrocardiogram, which records a snapshot of the electrical activity within the heart. Doctors may request blood tests in some instances to determine if there are electrolyte imbalances or toxic effects of drugs.
A pvc doctor may refer a patient to an electrophysiologist, or a specialist in heart rhythm disorders for further evaluation. This doctor can confirm the diagnosis of PVCs and determine whether they are benign or not.
PVCs are fairly common and don't usually cause any problems except when they are frequent over a long time. This can lead to a weakening of the heart muscle, or a condition called pvc-induced cardiomyopathy. This is more prevalent in older adults or those with heart disease. It can also happen in healthy people with an uninvolved heart, however it is more likely to occur in those who exercise regularly. It's not a serious problem, but it is important to consult your physician if you notice symptoms such as fainting or fatigue occur.
Treatment
PVCs are not harmful and do not cause symptoms in a lot of people. They do not require treatment. But
window doctors who do experience a sensation like their heart has skipped the beat or is racing, it's important to see a doctor as soon as you can.
A cardiologist begins by interviewing you and performing a physical examination, and monitoring your heart using a stethoscope for any irregular heartbeats. You will also undergo an electrocardiogram, which records the electrical signals of your heart to determine any arrhythmias. If an arrhythmia is detected, a portable ECG or a 24-hour Holter monitor will be required to capture the irregular rhythm for longer periods of time. These devices can help doctors determine if you have PVCs and the underlying cause for them, like an electrolyte imbalance, drug toxicities, or other causes.
An echocardiogram, also known as an ultrasound of your heart, could be ordered to assess if your heart is healthy and to look for indications of structural issues that can lead to PVCs. You might also be asked to undergo a stress test in order to determine how your heart reacts to exercise. Exercise can increase the frequency of PVCs. You can also take blood tests to check your thyroid hormone, magnesium, potassium and other hormones to determine whether they're low. This could lead to PVCs.
After your doctor has confirmed that you suffer from PVCs and has ruled out any serious illnesses and has made a decision about whether or not to treat them will be contingent on the extent to which they impact your life and how often they occur. If they happen only infrequently and do not cause symptoms, your doctor is unlikely to recommend any treatment that can reduce their frequency or severity.
If you are experiencing frequent PVCs, which can cause palpitations or other symptoms such as feeling light-headed or fainting, your physician may prescribe medication such as beta blockers and calcium channel blockers. Changes in lifestyle, like cutting down on smoking, caffeine and stress levels that are excessive can also reduce the frequency of these irregular pulses.
The following is a list with preventions.
A person might not experience any symptoms at all from PVCs, or feel heart palpitations (irregular heartbeats) that can be felt as "skipped" beats or fluttering in the chest. Sometimes, these episodes can cause the chest to feel full or swollen in the chest, and other times, they can make a person feel faint. These episodes are caused by the heart not pumping as efficiently as it should. PVCs are associated with a higher risk of developing dilated cardiac myopathy. This is a condition in which the heart becomes enlarged and is unable to pump blood.
PVCs are usually caused by changes in the body's chemistry. This can be caused by the release of adrenaline and thyroid hormones, as well drinking alcohol or caffeine. Stress or weight gain and the absence of exercise can trigger these episodes.
Certain people find that changing their diet may help to reduce PVCs. For example, they can avoid foods that contain preservatives that can cause disturbances in the heartbeat, for example disodium guanylate (E621), disodium inosinate (E627) and diazole sodium (E282-283). They can also consume more fruits and vegetables to ensure they are getting enough magnesium and potassium.
Regular health checks are essential, including yearly physicals. These can help diagnose any heart-related conditions that could be the cause of your PVCs. It is also recommended to not smoke and adhere to the healthy eating program. This can increase the frequency of episodes.
A survey of healthcare staff on 14 wards of a normal hospital showed that they were generally aware of the preventive measures for vascular catheter-related infections however, their self-assessment of compliance with these practices was not great. The compliance improved following a feedback intervention, but was still low on some of the wards that were surveyed. This suggests that education is needed on how to implement preventive measures, and that wards that are less conforming should be targeted for monitoring of infection. This information could be used to guide the implementation of additional quality improvement initiatives on these wards. This will likely involve further training and education for personnel. It will also mean making sure that the right materials are in place for the implementing of the preventive measures.
Signs and symptoms
The premature contraction of the ventricular muscle can cause your heartbeat to skip or flutter. These arrhythmias may be harmless or they may be the sign of heart problems.
In healthy people, sporadic PVCs aren't an issue and they usually disappear on their own. But if you have many of them, they could cause dizziness or weakness. If you're concerned about them, consult your doctor about them. They may have to identify the issue by taking a medical history and giving you a physical exam. They may also perform an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) or other tests.
An ECG is a simple test that will allow your doctor to see the signal from your heartbeat moving through your heart for a short time. The test will reveal if you have PVCs. Your doctor may also suggest the use of a Holter monitor that records your heartbeat for a longer period of time. They can help distinguish PVCs from other arrhythmias that cause heart palpitations. You may also be wearing a device that records your heart rhythm over a period of 30 days, referred to as an event monitor.
Other heart tests might be required, depending on the cause of your PVCs. For example a cardiologist could check your blood pressure and do an ultrasound of your heart (echocardiogram). These tests can reveal whether you suffer from a issue that could be responsible for your PVCs like mitral valve prolapse or heart failure.
Your doctor may also be required to do a blood test to see what is wrong with your electrolytes, such as low potassium or high calcium levels. This could be a sign that you suffer from PVCs, or another problem such as anemia, or anxiety disorders.
You may be referred to an electrophysiologist, an expert who specializes in treating irregular heart rhythms. This specialist may need to conduct additional tests if you suffer from structural heart diseases like the CT or MRI scan of your chest. These tests can determine if your heart is damaged and how severe the damage is. In some cases, a specialist may recommend an implanted pacemaker to treat the condition that causes the PVCs.