Basketball fouls are infractions committed by players during a game, disrupting the flow of play and potentially resulting in penalties for the offending team. These fouls can range from minor violations like a reach-in foul to more severe actions such as flagrant fouls. Fouls are typically called for actions like pushing, tripping, holding, or making excessive physical contact with an opponent. The consequences of fouls often include free throws for the opposing team or the possession of the ball. Managing fouls is a critical aspect of the game, as teams aim to minimize their fouls while exploiting their opponents' infractions to gain an advantage on the court.