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212-81 Prüfungsfragen & 212-81 Prüfungs-Guide

Die Zertifizierung der EC-COUNCIL 212-81 zu erwerben bedeutet mehr Möglichkeiten in der IT-Branche. Wir Pass4Test haben schon reichliche Erfahrungen von der Entwicklung der EC-COUNCIL 212-81 Prüfungssoftware. Unsere Technik-Gruppe verbessert beständig die Prüfungsunterlagen, um die Benutzer der EC-COUNCIL 212-81 Prüfungssoftware immer leichter die Prüfung bestehen zu lassen.

EC-COUNCIL 212-81 Prüfungsplan:

Thema	Einzelheiten
Thema 1	Birthday Paradox: Probability Mono-Alphabet Substitution
Thema 2	International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA) History of Cryptography
Thema 3	Shiva Password Authentication Protocol (S-PAP) Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP)
Thema 4	Information Theory Cryptography Concepts Multi-Alphabet Substitution
Thema 5	Number Theory and Asymmetric Cryptography Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
Thema 6	Cracking Modern Cryptography Example of Symmetric Stream Ciphers: PIKE
Thema 7	Symmetric Block Cipher Algorithms Basic Facts of the Feistel Function
Thema 8	Server-based Certificate Validation Protocol Classification of Random Number Generator
Thema 9	Steganography Implementations Example of Symmetric Stream Ciphers: RC4

EC-COUNCIL Certified Encryption Specialist 212-81 Prüfungsfragen mit Lösungen (Q55-Q60):

55. Frage
Fred is using an operating system that stores all passwords as an MD5 hash. What size is an MD5 message digest (hash)?

• A. 0
• B. 1
• C. 2
• D. 3

Antwort: C Begründung:
128
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MD5
The MD5 message-digest algorithm is a widely used hash function producing a 128-bit hash value.
56. Frage
A ______ refers to a situation where two different inputs yield the same output.

• A. Collision
• B. Substitution
• C. Transposition
• D. Convergence

Antwort: A Begründung:
Collision
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collision(computerscience)
A collision or clash is a situation that occurs when two distinct pieces of data have the same hash value, checksum, fingerprint, or cryptographic digest.
57. Frage
Electromechanical rotor-based cipher used in World War II

• A. Enigma Machine
• B. Rail Fence Cipher
• C. ROT13 Cipher
• D. Cipher Disk

Antwort: A Begründung:
Enigma Machine
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enigma_machine
The Enigma machine is an encryption device developed and used in the early- to mid-20th century to protect commercial, diplomatic and military communication. It was employed extensively by Nazi Germany during World War II, in all branches of the German military.
Enigma has an electromechanical rotor mechanism that scrambles the 26 letters of the alphabet.
Incorrect answers:
Rail Fence Cipher - a form of transposition cipher. In the rail fence cipher, the plain text is written downwards and diagonally on successive "rails" of an imaginary fence, then moving up when the bottom rail is reached. When the top rail is reached, the message is written downwards again until the whole plaintext is written out. The message is then read off in rows.
Cipher Disk - an enciphering and deciphering tool developed in 1470 by the Italian architect and author Leon Battista Alberti. He constructed a device, (eponymously called the Alberti cipher disk) consisting of two concentric circular plates mounted one on top of the other. The larger plate is called the "stationary" and the smaller one the "moveable" since the smaller one could move on top of the "stationary". The first incarnation of the disk had plates made of copper and featured the alphabet, in order, inscribed on the outer edge of each disk in cells split evenly along the circumference of the circle. This enabled the two alphabets to move relative to each other creating an easy to use key. Rather than using an impractical and complicated table indicating the encryption method, one could use the much simpler cipher disk. This made both encryption and decryption faster, simpler and less prone to error.
ROT13 Cipher - ("rotate by 13 places", sometimes hyphenated ROT-13) is a simple letter substitution cipher that replaces a letter with the 13th letter after it, in the alphabet. ROT13 is a special case of the Caesar cipher which was developed in ancient Rome.
58. Frage
Which one of the following is an algorithm that uses variable length key from 1 to 256 bytes, which constitutes a state table that is used for subsequent generation of pseudorandom bytes and then a pseudorandom string of bits, which is XORed with the plaintext to produce the ciphertext?

• A. RC4
• B. Twofish
• C. Blowfish
• D. PIKE

Antwort: A Begründung:
RC4
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RC4
RC4 (Rivest Cipher 4 also known as ARC4 or ARCFOUR meaning Alleged RC4, see below) is a stream cipher. While it is remarkable for its simplicity and speed in software, multiple vulnerabilities have been discovered in RC4, rendering it insecure. It is especially vulnerable when the beginning of the output keystream is not discarded, or when nonrandom or related keys are used. Particularly problematic uses of RC4 have led to very insecure protocols such as WEP.
The key-scheduling algorithm is used to initialize the permutation in the array "S". "keylength" is defined as the number of bytes in the key and can be in the range 1 ≤ keylength ≤ 256, typically between 5 and 16, corresponding to a key length of 40 - 128 bits. First, the array "S" is initialized to the identity permutation. S is then processed for 256 iterations in a similar way to the main PRGA, but also mixes in bytes of the key at the same time.
Incorrect answers:
Blowfish - has a 64-bit block size and a variable key length from 32 bits up to 448 bits. It is a 16-round Feistel cipher and uses large key-dependent S-boxes. In structure it resembles CAST-128, which uses fixed S-boxes.
Twofish - is a symmetric key block cipher with a block size of 128 bits and key sizes up to 256 bits.
PIKE - stream cipher was invented by Ross Anderson to be a "leaner and meaner" version of FISH after he broke FISH in 1994. Its name is supposed to be a humorous allusion to the pike fish.
59. Frage
What does the OCSP protocol provide?

• A. Revoked certificates
• B. Hashing
• C. Encryption
• D. VPN connectivity

Antwort: A Begründung:
Revoked certificates
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OnlineCertificateStatus_Protocol
The Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP) is an Internet protocol used for obtaining the revocation status of an X.509 digital certificate.It is described in RFC 6960 and is on the Internet standards track. It was created as an alternative to certificate revocation lists (CRL), specifically addressing certain problems associated with using CRLs in a public key infrastructure (PKI). Messages communicated via OCSP are encoded in ASN.1 and are usually communicated over HTTP. The "request/response" nature of these messages leads to OCSP servers being termed OCSP responders.
60. Frage
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